Statistika

• Basic Concepts of Statistics
  Statistik berkaitan dengan :
  
  1. Memproses dan menganalisa data.
  2. Mengumpulkan, mempresentasikan dan mengubah data untuk membantu pengambilan keputusan.
     

• Key Definitions
  
  1. Population (universe) is the collection of all members of a group. 
  2. Sample is a portion of the population selected for analysis. 
  3. Parameter is a numerical measure that describes a characteristic of a population. 
  4. Statistic is a numerical measure that describes a characteristic of a sample.
     

• Branches of Statistics
  
  1. Descriptive Statistics
     
     • Collecting, Summarizing and Presenting Data.
       
  2. Inferential Statistics
     
     • Drawing conclusions about a population based only on sample data.
     
     
• Descriptive Statistics
  
  1. Collect Data : e.g. Survey
  2. Present Data : e.g. Tables and Graphs
  3. Characterized Data : e.g. Sample Mean
     
     
• Inferential Statistics
  
  1. Estimation
     e.g. Estimate the population mean weight using the sample mean weight.
     
  2. Hypothesis Testing
     e.g. Test the claim that the population mean weight is 120 pounds.
     
     
• Collecting Data
  
  1. Primary Sources (Data Collection)
     
     • Observation
     • Experimentation
     • Survey
       
  2. Secondary Sources
     
     • Print or Electronic
       
       
• Types of Data
  
  1. Categorical
     e.g. Marital Status, Eye Color, Political Party.
     
  2. Numerical
     
     • Discrete
       e.g. Number of Children, Defect per Hour.
     • Continuous
       e.g. Weight, Voltage.

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